Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• effective scavenging ability against ROS [181]. Additionally, it has been reported that biocompatible covalently doped carbon dots (CuZn-CDs) with both CAT and SOD functionalities demonstrate significant in vitro capability to scavenge ROS. These carbon dots exhibit a protective effect on cardiomyocytes

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• lowers the detection limit [18]. In an effort to combine the properties of carbon dots and graphene, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a size smaller than 100 nm and only a few layers of graphene (3 to 10 layers) have been developed as a new class of carbon nanomaterials [19]. Scientists have explored

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• , Charsadda Road, Larama, Peshawar, Pakistan Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China 10.3762/bjnano.13.93 Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) show extensive potential in various fields such as

• especially focuses on the recent advancement (2015–2022) in the green synthesis of CDs, their application in metal ions sensing and microbial bioimaging, detection, and viability studies as well as their applications in pathogenic control and plant growth promotion. Keywords: bioimaging; carbon dots; carbon

• quantum dots; green synthesis; plant growth promotion; sensing; Introduction Carbon dots (CDs) are a carbon-based nanomaterial with a few nanometers feature sizes. CDs consist of a carbon core, the surface of which is functionalized with various groups. Xu et al. accidentally discovered fluorescent

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• to a uniform thin layer when changing the ED technique from potentiostatic (PS) mode to potential-reversal (PR) mode. This resulted in an improvement in PCE from 6.89% to 8.77% [24]. In general, above studies still have limits such as depositing MoS2 on graphene or carbon dots, instead of directly

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• FMSM had a two-layer nanoparticle coating. In order to drive the FMSM by an external magnetic field, Yang et al. coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the outside surface of the spores for magnetization, and conjugated carbon dots onto the outside and inside walls of the magnetic spores. The MagDisk

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• -doped carbon dots (C-NCDs), and to 0.39 µg/µL of Si NPs in order to study the differences in the immune responses and programmed cell death induced in hemocytes [153]. It was shown that autophagy and apoptosis caused by Si NPs were reverted and experimental groups exposed to C-NCDs, CdTe QDs caused

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, China 10.3762/bjnano.11.48 Abstract Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) are biocompatible and have potential for a variety of applications, including bioimaging and biosensing. In this work, we use ground soybean

• to introduce N-surface-functional groups to carbon nanoparticles made from biomass and biowaste and to produce stable photoluminescent CDs with excellent water-wettability. Keywords: biomass; carbon dots; hydrothermal process; laser ablation; N-doping; photoluminescence; Introduction Carbon-based

• quantum dots, which are referred to as carbon dots (CDs) [1] and are less-toxic and ecologically friendly [2][3], have attracted great interest due to their unique properties, such as high water solubility [4], high chemical stability [5], high photostability [6], tunable excitation and emission

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• [18][19]. Luminescent nanomaterials including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, metal-doped nanoparticles, noble-metal nanoparticles, and organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, have been studied for their ultrabright photoluminescence (PL) [20][21][22][23]. Semiconductor quantum dots (SCQDs

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• ][31][32][33][34]. In [35], the fluorescent CdSe quantum dots were attached to BNNT surfaces, and in [36] the halloysite nanotubes were modified with carbon dots and used for cellular imaging. Another approach is surface modification with grafted polymers bearing organic fluorophores. One of the most

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• , Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.10.197 Abstract In this study, green-emitting nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDots) were synthesized and incorporated into drop-cast composite films for use

• to inorganic phosphors that are commonly employed in white-LED configurations. Keywords: color conversion layer; electrospinning; nitrogen-doped carbon dots; PVP; solid-state lighting; white LED; white-light generation; Introduction Light-emitting carbon dots (CDots) are a new class of

• coordinates of (0.35, 0.37), a CRI of 88 and a CCT of 4802 K. Furthermore, Xie et al. fabricated WLEDs using polymerizable silane‒prefunctionalized carbon dots (Si-CDots) [48]. These green low-cost polymerizable Si-CDots produced by a one-pot electrochemical synthesis have emission peaks located around 541

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• six sections. The optical and electrochemical characteristics of modified TiO2 photocatalysts are discussed in the first section. In the second section, we have reviewed how carbon-based advanced materials like reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon dots (CDs) improve the

• carbon dots (CDs), have been used to modify semiconductor photocatalysts in order to promote the separation of photoinduced species and extend the light absorption range, which are crucial for enhanced photoactivity [102][103][104][105]. In this section, we have discussed photoreduction of Cr(VI) over

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, manganese oxides nanoparticles, and carbon dots) on electrodes through codeposition with chitosan, which offers attractive applications in antimicrobial coatings, biosensors, microbial fuel cells, and energy storage materials [14][15][16][17][18]. Among the studies on the

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Julian Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.9.51 Abstract Carbon dots have demonstrated great potential as luminescent nanoparticles in bioapplications. Although such nanoparticles appear to exhibit low toxicity compared to other metal luminescent

• nanomaterials, today we know that the toxicity of carbon dots (C-dots) strongly depends on the protocol of fabrication. In this work, aqueous fluorescent C-dots have been synthesized from cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper, by a one-pot green hydrothermal method. The synthesized C-dots were firstly

• . Most common sources for the synthesis of carbon dots are graphite and citric acid. Graphite is used in top-down synthesis strategies, and uses dimethylformamide (DMF) as surface passivating agent [8]. However, since DMF is harmful to living cells, in this work carbon dots synthesized from graphite were

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India 10.3762/bjnano.9.35 Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites (CD/g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method using

• superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and holes (h+) after performing multiple scavenging tests. Keywords: carbon dots; g-C3N4; photocatalytic degradation; sugarcane juice; sunlight; Introduction Carbon dots (CDs) predominantly consist of amorphous carbon together with nanocrystalline regions of sp2-hybridized

• carbon dots (CDs) solution. The inset shows the fluorescence of the CDs under daylight (left) and UV light irradiation at 365 nm (right). (b) The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum of CDs at different excitation wavelengths, (c) UV–vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) spectra, and (d) PL spectra of

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• ), making them quite toxic. In turn, nanophosphors based on rare earth elements (REE) are less harmful, but very expensive. Today, scientists are exploring the possibility of using nanoscale fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) instead of Q-dots and REE-based nanophosphors. C-dots possess the attractive

• ]. Bourlinos et al. [24][25] heated various citrate salts, e.g., ammonium citrate in air, up to 300 °C, to produce water-soluble carbon dots of 7 nm average diameter and a fluorescence quantum yield of 3% at 495 nm excitation [24]. Doping of citric acid-based organic dots with nitrogen greatly improves their

• temperature (up to 200 °C) causes the formation of polymerized species forming amorphous carbon dots with partial sp2 hybridization. Song et al. demonstrated [39] that the primary fluorophore of a carbon dot is an independent fluorescent molecule, or possibly a molecule linked to the surface or incorporated

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• , Damanhour, Egypt 10.3762/bjnano.7.67 Abstract Carbonization of tomatoes at 240 °C using 30% (w/v) NaOH as catalyst produced carbon onions (C-onions), while solely carbon dots (C-dots) were obtained at the same temperature in the absence of the catalyst. Other natural materials, such as carrots and tree

• versatile materials for chemical sensing of metal ions. The high content of lycopene in tomatoes may explain the formation of C-onions in alkaline media and a possible formation mechanism for such structures was outlined. Keywords: carbon dots; carbon onions; metal-ion sensing; photoluminescence; thermal

• sensors. The more popular and extensively investigated carbon-based nanomaterials include carbon dots (C-dots), fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, while others, such as nanodiamonds and carbon onions, stayed forgotten for a long time, in spite of the fact that these carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) were

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• for more detailed information [106]. Carbon nanodots are a new class of carbon nanomaterials and consist of discrete, quasipherical nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm [107][108][109][110]. Since they have been reported on in 2004 for the first time [111], carbon dots have gradually become an

• important member in the nanocarbon family due to their benign, abundant and low-cost nature. As carbonaceous quantum dots, carbon nanodots display PL behavior dependent on their size and the excitation wavelength. In addition, carbon dots are also characterized by water solubility, chemical inertness and